Environmental
Report 2003
Contents
What is the JFE Group?
Toward Sustainable Growth
JFE toward Sustainable Society
Transition of Environmental Measures
JFE Technologies for Sustainable Growth
Environmental Management
Environmental Management System
Activities in 2002 / Future Objectives
Promoting Environmental Management
Environmental Accounting
Communication with Society
Reducing Environmental Loads in
Business Operations
Efforts at JFE Steel
Efforts at JFE Engineering
Efforts at Kawasaki Microelectronics
Efforts at JFE Urban Development
Contributing through Products and
Technologies
Contributing through Steel Products and Technologies
Contributing through
Engineering Products and Technologies
Contributing through
Microelectronic Products and Technologies
Research and Development
Building Environment-Friendly Towns
Providing Total Solutions for a Better Environment
Leading the Recycling-oriented Society
with a Recycling Business
International Cooperation
Contributing to the Global Environment through
International Cooperation
Environmental Businesses of JFE Group Companies
External Evaluation of JFE's Activities
Coexistence with Nature
This “JFE Environmental Report 2003” is based on the actual per-formance of the JFE Group in envi-ronment-related activities during fis-cal year 2002 (April 1, 2002 to March 31, 2003). Examples of activities also include some items continuing into fiscal 2003.
Every effort has been made to main-tain the continuity of the content and to improve the level of an informa-tion disclosure while promoting broader understanding of the efforts and philosophy of the JFE Group to contribute to sustainable growth with the world's most innovative technology.
This Report has been prepared and edited in accordance with the guide-lines of Japan's Ministry of the Envi-ronment (MOE), the Global Report-ing Initiative (GRI), and other relevant standards.
Editorial Policy
JFE Environmental Report 2003
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(billions of yen) Consolidated net sales,FY 2002 ¥ 2,426.8 (Breakdown) Steel ¥ 1,755.7 (72.3%)
Engineering ¥ 520.8 (21.5%) Other businesses ¥ 150.3 (6.2%)
Stockholders’ equity ¥594.5
No. of employees 54,100
Scale of Business Operations
What is the JFE Group?
The JFE Group consists of five operating companies, JFE Steel Corp., JFE Engineering Corp.,
JFE Urban Development Corp., Kawasaki Microelectronics, Inc., and JFE R&D Corp. under
a holding company, JFE Holdings, Inc.
(as of March 31,2003)
Outline of Businesses
To create a production system with the world’s highest competitiveness through integrated man-agement of neighboring steel-works, four sites (Chiba Works / Keihin Works, Kurashiki Works / Fukuyama Works) were reorganized into two works (East Japan Works, West Japan Works) in a 2 works / 1 plant system (including Chita Works).
•Manufacture and sale of iron and steel products (sheets, plates, shapes, pipes and tubes, stainless steel, electrical steel sheets, bars and wire rods, iron powder, etc.)
•Recycling business
To respond quickly to changes in the business environment, promote common business strategies, and maximize consolidated profit in each field, JFE Engineering has adopted a “division company” system consisting of its business divisions and affiliated companies responsible for specific functions. •Energy industries engineering •Environmental industries engineering •Water and waste water engineering •Steel structure engineering •Steel engineering •Solution engineering •Machinery center
Responsible for development of large idle land holdings owned by the JFE Group and expan-sion of the Group’s condominium business. Emphasizes efficient development of land holdings utilizing accumulated urban development know-how.
•Large-scale complex urban development •Condominium construction and sales •Asset utilization
Manufactures and sells system LSIs for image processing in digital cameras, copiers, etc., and LSIs for image control in liquid crystal displays for personal computers, cell phones, and liquid crystal televisions.
•ASICs (application specific integrated circuits)
Conducts research and development in core technologies common to the steel and engineer-ing businesses (measurement & control, mechanical, civil engineerengineer-ing, buildengineer-ing technology, numerical analysis, bio / catalyst) and projects in growth fields.
JFE Steel Corporation (steel business)
JFE Holdings, Inc.
JFE Engineering Corporation (total engineering business)
JFE Urban Development Corporation (urban development business)
Kawasaki Microelectronics, Inc. (semiconductor business)
JFE R&D Corporation
JFE Engineering – Tsu Works JFE Steel –
Chita Works
JFE Engineering – Shimizu Works JFE Engineering – Tsurumi Engineering and Manufacturing Center Kawasaki Microelectronics – Utsunomiya Works JFE Steel – East Japan Works
(Keihin / Chiba) JFE Steel – West Japan Works
(Fukuyama / Kurashiki)
JFE Holdings, Inc.
Main Works in Japan
The JFE Name
The JFE name is composed of the letter “J” for Japan, “F” for steel (as in Fe, the atomic symbol of iron) and “E” for engineering.3
JFE has historically placed high priority on environmental protection
in all aspects, including not only protection of air and water quality,
but also recycling and prevention of global warming. We are proud
to be among the world’s leaders in this field. With the creation of
the JFE Group in 2002, we renewed our commitment to the environment
by making global environmental protection a priority management
task and are working to further improve our environmental performance
through companywide efforts encompassing all JFE Group companies.
As a technology-oriented business group, JFE has developed
many unique technologies and is continuing to apply these to
environmental protection in all its business activities. At the same
time, we understand that providing products and services that help
create a better global environment is an important mission for a
manufacturing company such as ours. In particular, we are contributing
to environmental protection in the following areas.
1) Advanced and innovative steel ecological products
2) Engineering services which reduce environmental loads in society
3)Recycling through a synergy of steel and engineering technologies
We also believe that earning recognition as a good corporate citizen
which merits the trust of society is essential for the continuing
growth of JFE, and to this end, we maintain close communication
with society at every level. JFE’s Environmental Report 2003 is part
of this effort.
As representatives of the management and employees of the JFE
Group, we are confident that our continuing efforts to improve the
global and regional environment will create new value in JFE, while
also contributing to sustainable growth for future generations.
Kanji Emoto
Chairman and Co-CEO JFE Holding, Inc.
Yoichi Shimogaichi
President and Co-CEO JFE Holdings, Inc.
JFE Environmental Report 2003
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Environmental Policy
Environmental Philosophy
The JFE Group considers the improvement of the global
environment to be of utmost importance for management,
and promotes business operations in harmony with the
environment to create a prosperous society.
To reduce of environmental influence in all business operations
JFE endeavors to reduce present and future environmental loads
and promotes the development of innovative technologies for
reducing environmental loads.
To make contributions through technologies and products
JFE contributes to the creation of a better environment through
the development and supply of advanced technology,
equip-ment, and ecological products.
To make contributions through conservation resources and energy
JFE contributes to the creation of a resource and energy-saving
society through recycling and energy supply businesses which
give priority to preservation of the global environment.
To promote communications with society
As a member of regional society, JFE contributes to a better
en-vironment at the regional level in cooperation with local citizens,
government and administrative authorities, and other businesses.
To promote international cooperation
JFE contributes to environmental protection activities at the
glo-bal level through active involvement in international cooperation
in the form of technology transfer, etc.
Corporate Vision
Transition of Environmental Measures
JFE Toward Sustainable Society
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JFE has a long history of leadership in environmental protection and possesses a wealth of
technology and know-how in the field. Recognized in Japan as the “first name in technology,”
JFE is contributing to sustainable growth with the world’s most innovative technology.
’79 Implementation of Energy Conservation Law ’72 United Nations Conference on the Human Environment
(Stockholm): Adoption of Stockholm Declaration
’67 Implementation of Basic Pollution Control Law
Supply of Environmental Protection Equipment
Supply of Clean,Energy-saving Technologies
Energy-saving Activities
Process continuation and integration, energy-saving operation, conversion to low-cost fuels
Energy saving by operational improvements (reduced fuel consumption by
reheating furnaces, etc.)
Introduction of large-scale waste heat recovery equipment, power saving measures
'79∼'85
'73∼'78 '86∼'94
’96 Start of waste plastic recycling for BF feed
’96 Introduction of environment-friendly regenerative burner
Energy saving measures for global warming prevention
'95∼
’81 Startup of in-ground LNG storage tank ’81 Gas engine cogeneration system
’73 Startup of stoker type waste incinerator ’66 Startup of Matsukawa Geothermal Power Plant
’97 Startup of circulating fluidized bed (CFB) boiler turbine power plant
’87 Startup of sewage sludge methane fermentation plant
’98 Startup of wind power generation facilities ’87 Adoption of Montreal Protocol
(Ozone Layer Protection)
’87 Brundtland Commission: Proposal of concept of “sustainable development” ’85 Adoption of Vienna Convention on
Protection of the Ozone Layer G5 Plaza Agreement
’90 Establishment of Action Plan for Preventing Global Warming ’88 Implementation of the Law concerning the Protection of the Ozone Layer
’67 Creation of Environmental Control Section in Head Office Technology Dept.
’91 Establishment of Coordinating Committee for Global Environmental Issues
General Measures
’70 Pollution Prevention Agreement with Kanagawa Pref., Kawasaki City, and Yokohama City ’80 Establishment of energy control regulations
’92 Settlement of suit concerting Chiba Works No. 6 BF
1st Period 2nd Period 3rd Period
1965 70 75 80 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 2000 2001 2002 2003
1965 70 75 80 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 2000 2001 2002 2003
’79 Second Oil Crisis ’73 First Oil Crisis
’68 Implementation of Air Pollution Control Law and Noise Regulation Law
’70 Revision of Basic Pollution Control Law
’70 Implementation of 14 pollution-related laws
’88 Establishment of Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC)
’89 Adoption of Basel Convention (regulation of cross-border movement of wastes)
’71 Establishment of Environment Agency
’91 Implementation of Law for Promotion of Effective Utilization of Resources (Recycling Law)
’70 Establishment of companywide Environmental Management Committee
’72 Establishment of environmental control regulations ’71 Establishment of Environmental Management Dept.
’74 Pollution Prevention Agreement with Chiba Pref. and Chiba City ’72 Pollution Prevention Agreement with Okayama Pref. and Kurashiki City ’71 Pollution Prevention Agreement with Hiroshima Pref. and Fukuyama City
’93 Establishment of Guideline and Program Principle for Activities for Global Environmental Protection
’93 Establishment of Global Environmental Dept.
’97 Startup of electric resistance type ash melting furnace
’90 Order received for large-scale deep-shaft night soil treatment facility
’91 Establishment of Global Environmental Charter by Keidanren (Japan Business Federation)
’86 Start of production of stainless clad plates
’00 Development of Super-OLAC technology for shape steel
’83 Rust stabilizer for weathering steel ’80 TMCP high strength steel sheets
Supply of Ecological Products, Engineering T
echnology
,Equipment
’91 Fire resistant steel construction products ’91 Heat-treated rails
’92 Oriented electrical sheets for high efficiency transformers
’93 Stainless sheets and tubes for auto exhaust system ’93 Martensitic stainless steel tubes
’95 Non-oriented electrical sheets for high efficiency motors
’98 Water-permeable steel sheet piles
’98 BF cement / BF granulated slag ’96 Steel-framed House
’98 Chromate-free coated steel sheets
’99 “Tsubasa” screw pile
’98 Ni-added high performance weathering steel
’97 Kyoto Conference of the Parties of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (COP3): Adoption of Kyoto Protocol
’92 Earth Summit in Rio de Janeiro:Adoption of Framework Convention on Climate Change, Agenda 21, and Convention on Biological Diversity
’01 Adoption of POPs Convention
’02 Earth Summit (Rio +10) in Johannesburg
’99 Implementation of PRTR Law
’99 Implementation of Law concerning Special Measures against Dioxins ’00 Implementation / revision of 6 laws related to establishment of recycling-based society
’02 Ratification of Kyoto Protocol ’02 Implementation of
Soil Contamination Control Law ’96 Implementation of ISO14001 environmental standard
’95 Publication of IPCC 2nd Assessment Report
’94 Establishment of Basic Environment Plan
’93 Implementation of Basic Environment Law
’98 Implementation of Law concerning the Promotion of the Measures to Cope with Global Warming
’98 Revision of Energy Conservation Law
’01 Start of Ministry of the Environment ’01 Start of PRTR system
’01 Implementation of Law concerning Special Measures against Waste PCB
’96 Establishment of Voluntary Action Plan by Japan Iron and Steel Federation
’99 ISO14001 certification of Engineering Division ’99 ISO14001 certification of Chita Works ’96 Establishment of Environmental Charter
’97 Establishment of Voluntary Action Plan by Keidanren
’98 ISO14001 certification of Chiba Works ’98 ISO14001 certification of Fukuyama Works
’97 ISO14001 certification of Mizushima (Kurashiki) Works and Utsunomiya Works (LSI plant) ’97 ISO14001 certification of Keihin Works
’96 Settlement of Kawasaki pollution suit ’96 Settlement of Kurashiki pollution suit
’01 Tie-up for high efficiency fuel cell power generation (SOFC) ’02 Development of Super-OLAC technology for high carbon hot-rolled sheets
’02 Start of production of NF Board for concrete forms using recycled resin ’01 Tailor Welded Blank
’01 As-sintered alloy steel powder (heat treatment-free) ’01 Mass production technology for solar grade silicon (SOG) ’01 Lead-free free-cutting bars for machine structural use
’02 Start of JFE Group
4th Period
’03 Start of 5 operating companies ’03 Start of Environmental Management Network System
’00 Development of energy-saving air conditioning system using clathrate hydrate slurry
’01 Completion of waste electrical appliance recycling plant ’02 Startup of sewage sludge circulating fluidized bed incinerator
Social T
rends
W
orld
Japan
Measures at JFE
Environmental Protection & Energy-Saving Activities at W
orks
’01 Establishment of Environment & Energy Liaison Center
Supply of Ecological Steel Products,Equipment
’98 Development of Super-OLAC technology for plates (high strength, high toughness, high weldability)
’00 Order for high temperature gasifying & direct melting furnace ’00 Order for environment-friendly high-efficiency arc furnace (ECOARC) ’00 Startup of JFE THERMOSELECT gasifying & melting furnace
JFE Environmental Report 2003 JFE Environmental Report 2003
JFE T
Energy-saving
equipment
Water and
sewage
treatment /
soil protection
Reduction of
environmental
pollutants
Energy-saving
Ships
Energy-saving
Steel
manufacturing
processes
CO
2reduction /
absorption
Low environmental load
Automobiles
Low environmental load
Office equipment
Long-life, low environmental load
OCTGs, linepipes, bridges and offshore structures
Recycling-oriented society
Eco-Town
Projects
Waste
detoxification /
recycling
Clean energy
Low power loss
Electrical and electric power equipment
JFE Tech nologies
JFE Tech nologies
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High strength automotive
steel sheets (HITEN)
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Tailor Welded Blank
High strength sheets
for weight reduction
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DME (dimethyl ether)
Wind power generation
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LNG storage tank
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High-efficiency fuel cell power
generation (SOFC)
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Solar power generation
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Natural gas hydrate
Creation and popularization of clean energy
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Gas engine cogeneration system
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Environment-friendly regenerative burner
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Energy-saving air conditioning system using clathrate hydrate slurry (CHS)
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Circulating fluidized bed (CFB) boiler turbine power generation
Supply of energy-saving / low environmental load equipment
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Demolition of incineration plants
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Sewage sludge methane fermentation
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Protection of soil environment
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Dam sediment removal
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Dam / river water quality preservation
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Seawater exchange-type hybrid caisson
Environmental load reduction technologies
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Stoker-type waste incinerator
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Electric resistance
and plasma-type ash
melting furnaces
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High-temperature gasifying
& direct melting furnace
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JFE THERMOSELECT
gasifying & melting furnace
Waste detoxification and recycling
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Keihin Coastal Area Environmental City
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Soga Ecology Park
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Bingo Eco-Town
Eco-Town Concept
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Weathering steel
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Rust stabilizer
Corrosion resistance / weathering steel plates
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Waste plastic recycling for
BF feed/NF Board
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Home electric appliance recycling
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Food waste recycling
Contribution to recycling-oriented society
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Chromate-free coated steel sheets
Toxic substance-free steel sheets High strength plates for weight reduction
Reduced welding in shipyards
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Grain-oriented electrical steel sheets
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Non-oriented
electrical steel sheets
Low core loss electrical steel sheets
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TMCP high strength steel plates
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HISTORY, ERW steel tubes
High strength, high formability tubes for weight reduction
Building a
Recycling-oriented
Society
Reducing
Environmental
Loads
Preven ting
Global W arming
Special chromate-free coating
・Corrosion resistance, surface conductivity
・Anti-fingerprint property
・Paintability Steel sheet
Zn-coating 20g/m2
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Stainless steel sheets / tubes
for automotive exhaust system
Low environmental load materials
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Marine Block
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Solar grade silicon
(High-purity silicon
for solar cells)
CO2 reduction / absorption
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Introduction of energy-saving
technologies / equipment
Advanced energy-saving iron- and steel-making processes
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Steel-framed House
Long-life low environmental load products
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Martensitic stainless steel tubes
High corrosion-resistance tubular products
JFE T
oward Sustainable Society
JFE Technologies for Sustainable Growth
Environmental Management System (EMS)
Environmental Management
Environmental Committees
9 JFE Environmental Report 2003
In parallel with the Environmental Committee system, JFE created a system which enables common use of environ-ment-related information on the Group intranet to support more complete environmental management. Information is shared among persons in charge of the environment at
JFE Holdings, the five operating companies, and Group affiliates by transmitting news on environmental trends to the individual employee level, improving the effective-ness of environmental management in the Group as a whole.
JFE’s IT-based “Environmental Management Network System”
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Because the JFE Group assigns high priority to “improvement of the global environment” as a manage-ment task, it has established a JFE Environmanage-mental Com-mittee as the highest decision-making body for environ-ment-related problems common to the Group.
JFE is dealing with environment-related problems with a 3-tiered committee system consisting of the JFE Environ-mental Committee, EnvironEnviron-mental Committees in each of the Group’s five operating companies, and Affiliated Company Environmental Committees at affiliates under each of the operating companies. The JFE Environmental Committee is chaired by the President of JFE Holdings, Inc., with related Directors of JFE Holdings and Directors responsible for environmental matters at the five compa-nies as members. Thus, the decisions of the JFE Group’s top management are reflected in the Group as a whole, enabling JFE to implement unified environmental man-agement. As a support function for the 3-tiered commit-tee system, JFE has also established a Group Environ-mental Liaison Committee made up of persons responsible
for environmental matters at JFE Holdings and the five operating companies to share information in practical work related to the environment. In a similar manner, each of the operating companies decides and implements environmental measures for the individual company and holds liaison meetings with its affriates.
JFE Steel Corp. Environmental Committee
JFE Engineering Corp. Environmental Committee
JFE Urban Development Corp. Environmental Committee
Kawasaki Microelectronics, Inc. Environmental Committee
JFE R&D Corp. Environmental Committee
JFE Group Environmental Committee
Chairman: President, JFE Holdings, Inc.
Members: Directors responsible for environmental matters at Group companies
Chairman: Director responsible for environmental matters Members: Managers of related departments,
Managers of Planning & Control Depts. at affiliates
JFE Group Environmental Liaison Committee Environmental Management
Network System
Persons responsible for environment at JFE Holdings
and each operating company
Members
Affiliated companies Environmental Liaison Committee
Affiliate C Affiliate A
Affiliate B
As the environment has become an issue of global concern, JFE has redoubled its efforts to
solve environmental problems. As part of this, JFE has created a world-class environmental
management system.
Activities in 2002 / Future Objectives
Based on its performance to date, JFE sets new objectives for improvement of global environmental activities.
Results in FY2002
Aims of JFE Group
Future objectives
1. Environmental management and communication
(1) Expansion of environmental management
・Strengthening of systems and improvement in level of environmental management
・Expansion of green procurement in Group as whole
・ISO14001 certification JFE Urban Recycle Corp.
・JFE Environmental Committee and environment-related committees in operating companies
・Creation of Group intranet information network
・Study of condition of environmental management in affiliated companies
・Expansion of guidelines to affiliated companies (in progress)
・Disclosure of environmental information by Environmental Report and homepage
・Timely information by company and works magazines
・Participation in ecological products and waste technology trade shows
・Holding of “Urban Renaissance Symposium” by Environment & Energy Liaison Center
・Lectures at JFE Technical Culture Seminars
・Research support by JFE 21st Century Foundation
・Contribution to Kanagawa Prefecture’s Kanagawa Forest Conservation Program for Water Resource Regions program by participating as Riverhead Forest Partner (2) Communication
with society
(3) International cooperation
・Strengthening of communication
(4) Environmental accounting
・Feasibility studies for energy saving and environmental measures and implementation of model projects in China, Thailand, Malaysia, Brazil, etc.
・Receiving of trainees from Environmental Agency in Shenyang, China
・Presentation of examples of Japan’s Eco-Town projects at China Council
・Achieved 99.5% recycling ratio in FY 2002
・Increased receiving of waste plastic as blast furnace feed
・Received 570,000 used appliances for recycling
・Reporting of releases / transfers in FY2002 to government and disclosure in Environmental Report
・Measures to strengthen flue-gas treatment equipment at sintering plants
・Achieved 70% reduction in benzene emissions against 1999 baseline by various reduction measures
・Shortened transportation distance and increased transportation lot size
・Contribution to global warming countermeasures under Kyoto Mechanism (joint implementation, CDM, etc.)
・Communications with overseas organizations, etc.
・Qualitative measurement and evaluation of environmental activities ・
Publication of environmental accounting information
(1) Prevention of global warming
・4.4% reduction in energy unit consumption in 2010 from 1995 baseline under steel industry’s Voluntary Action Plan
・Progressing as planned
・Increase recycling ratio of byproducts of manufacturing processes
・Recycling of byproducts (waste) generated by society
・Development of innovative technologies to solve global environmental problems
・LCA-based product development
・Reduced use and improved control of PRTR substances
・Dioxin countermeasures
・80% reduction in benzene by FY 2003 against 1999 baseline
・Reduced environmental loads by more efficient product distribution (3) Promotion of
environmental protection
・Development and expanded application of heat island mitigating paving technology
・Start of proof experiments for clathrate hydrate slurry (high heat-density medium) production system
・Development of high efficiency natural gas hydrate production technology
・Development of Marine Block for CO2 absorption and coastal seaweed
farm restoration (1) Environment-conscious
R&D
・Increased sales of high performance chromate-free coated sheets
・Auto weight reduction by Tailor Welded Blank
・Development of high strength sheets for ultra-lightweight auto body
・Development of slow-release potassium silicate fertilizer
・Increased production of solar grade silicon (SOG)
・Reduction of environmental loads in society by expanded use of high performance steel products
(2) Ecological products
・Start of PET bottle recycling business
・Start of concrete form board (NF Board) production using recycled resin
・Start of 100t/day DME direct synthesis pilot plant project
・Start of development of large-scale DME diesel power generation system
・Cumulative wind power capacity reached 84,000kW (end of March 2003)
・First order received for waste incineration demolition
・Successful development of methane fermentation technology using cogeneration waste heat
・First order received for JFE THERMOSELECT gasifying & melting furnace
・Start of operation of sewage sludge circulating fluidized bed (CFB) incinerator
・First order received for dioxin detoxification equipment (Hi-Clean DX) for waste incineration fly ash
・Start of full-scale operation of siloxane (organic silicon-based polymer) removal equipment for sewage treatment plant
・Start of full-scale operation of high temperature gasifying & direct melting furnace
・Start of construction of RDF power plant
・Contribution to Eco-Town and recycling-oriented society
・Development of clean energy sources anticipating next-generation needs
・Contribution to society by multi-faceted environmental engineering activities (3) Total solutions for
the environment 3. Contribution through
technologies, products, and services
(2) Promotion of recycling
2. Reduction of environment loads in all business activities
11 JFE Environmental Report 2003
Promoting Environmental Management
Status of the JFE Environmental Management System
In order to implement a high-quality environmental management system, it is important to understand whether the system is operating appropriate-ly, and whether performance is be-ing continually improved. At JFE, in addition to external inspection by certification authorities, employees experienced in environment-related work such as environmental and en-ergy management participate in in-ternal auditing. Also, the training of
in-house environmental inspectors is being promoted. Teams of employ-ees led by external experts carry out internal auditing in JFE in order to ensure transparency in inspection. Issues pointed out by internal or ex-ternal auditing are used as a basis for revising and continuously im-proving the system, taking into ac-count the changes in the surround-ing conditions.
Environmental Auditing
Auditing at steelworks by external auditors
JFE aims at developing a comprehensive environmental management system based on its environmental philosophy. As such, it is promoting voluntary and continuous environmental activities by each company in the JFE Group based on ISO 14001 certification.
JFE Steel East Japan Works (Keihin) JFE Steel West Japan Works (Kurashiki) Kawasaki Microelectronics
JFE Steel West Japan works (Fukuyama)
ISO 14001 Certification Certified in
JFE Steel East Japan Works (Chiba including Nishinomiya district) JFE Steel Chita Works
JFE Engineering May 1997
Oct. 1997 Oct. 1997 Mar. 1998
Jul. 1998
Jul. 1999 Dec. 1999
Certified in Certified in
NKK STEEL SHEET & STRIP JFE WELDED PIPE MANUFACTURING NKK TUBES
JFE CHEMICAL
KAWATETSU TRANSPORTATION & TECHNOLOGY KAWATETSU MINING
KAWASAKI REFRACTORIES JFE KANKYO
JFE MATERIAL JFE Soldec
NKK MARINE & LOGISTIC JFE CONTAINER
JFE CIVIL ENGINEERING & CONSTRUCTION TOYOHIRA STEEL
JFE METAL PRODUCTS & ENGINEERING KAWASHO
JFE Mie Tech. Service JFE Koken
Fuji Kako
Philippine Sinter Corporation JFE Environmental Service NKK BARS & SHAPES JFE URBAN RECYCLE May 1997
May 1997 May 1997 Jul. 1998 Jul. 1998 Jul. 1998 Apr. 1999 July.1998 Feb. 2000 Feb. 2000 Mar. 2000 Mar. 2000
May 2000 Sep. 2000 Dec. 2000 Dec. 2000 Feb. 2001 Jun. 2001 Sep. 2001 Nov. 2001 Dec. 2001 Mar. 2002 May 2003
Certified in Certified in
JFE
Affiliated companies
(Limited to the subsidiaries for the JFE group consolidation, and other applicable companies in accordance with the equity method.)
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Terminology
●Environmental Management System (EMS)
Environmental Education
Green Purchasing
As part of its environmental man-agement system, JFE voluntarily conducts a program of Environment Month Activities in June of each year to raise employee awareness of the environment. This year’s activities began with a message from the President of JFE Holdings and inclu-ded public road cleanup operations and others, as follows.
[Public Road Cleanup Operations] [Lectures on the environment] [Works Environmental Patrols] [Environmental Education under ISO14001]
Environment Month Activities
JFE conducts environmental educa-tion at all levels to deepen the un-derstanding of each employee and encourage individual efforts to im-prove the environment as part of regular work. Environmental educa-tion is incorporated in training grams for new employees and pro-motion, and also includes annual programs at each level, covering so-cial trends related to environmental problems, the significance of the
en-vironment to JFE and measures be-ing taken by the company, the re-sponsibility of individual employees, and the importance of environmental management.
Based on an annual schedule, each works conducts periodical environ-mental education (once/year) for general employees, employees en-gaged in designated work, etc. as part of its environmental manage-ment system.
To strengthen environmental educa-tion, JFE introduced an Environmen-tal Management Network System in June 2003, creating an electronic environment in which all employees, including those at affiliated compa-nies, can access internal and exter-nal environment-related information such as Environment Month Activi-ties from the homepage.
Works environmental patrol
Each year, East Japan Works (Keihin) holds a contest for environmental slogans. This year, the number of entries showed a large increase, reaching 857. The following were selected as winning entries.
“Think before you throw – Your idea makes the difference between waste and resources.”
“Your little cooperation helps to stop warming of our precious globe.”
“Your trash is a resource too – Let’s recycle!”
“Just a minute – before you throw it away!
Have a think and put the Eco-mark on your heart.”
Introduction of hybrid car
Prize for Excellence in Environmental Slogans
JFE has created a common set of Green Purchasing Guidelines for the group, which apply not only to office supplies but also to parts and mate-rials for production, and refers to these Guidelines when making pur-chasing decisions. Application is currently being expanded to affili-ated companies.
In outline, the Guidelines specify:
○Adequate study of required
quan-tities before purchase to minimize purchased amounts.
○Consideration of environmental
loads over the entire life cycle of final products, in addition to price, quality, delivery schedules, etc.
○Requests for and cooperation with
environmental protection efforts of suppliers on a daily basis.
Examples of green purchasing:
Recycled oil, solvent containers, packaging materials, electric/natural gas/hybrid vehicles
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Environmental Accounting
13 JFE Environmental Report 2003
Investment in Energy Conservation
JFE embarked on an aggressive program of energy conservation following the first Oil Crisis in 1973. After the second Oil Crisis in 1979, it developed or introduced a wide variety of waste heat recovery equipment and invested heavily in energy-saving production processes such as continuous casting and continuous annealing. Today, JFE is maintaining its position as a world leader in energy efficiency. Cumulative investment since 1990 has
now reached approximately ￥334 billion.
Investment in Environmental Protection
Because JFE operates steelworks in the environs of large metropolitan areas, it has made particularly strong efforts to protect the environment, including construction of desulfurization and denitrification plants as measures against SOx and NOx in the atmospheric environment and water treatment facilities to reduce COD and prevent water pollution. As a result of companywide investment in environment-related equipment, which totals approximately
￥476 billion since 1973, JFE’s clean steelworks boast the
world’s highest levels of environmental performance. In recent years, JFE has actively invested in measures to recycle byproducts of its steelworks and apply iron and steel making processes as infrastructure for recycling in society at large, thus leading the movement toward a recycling-oriented society.
Over the past three decades, JFE has invested huge
sums in environmental protection, including
meas-ures to prevent air and water pollution, reduce noise,
treat waste, and create greenbelts. JFE has also put
great effort into energy-saving investment, achieving
the world’s highest level of energy efficiency.
It should be noted that JFE’s current environmental
activities were developed in the course of fulfilling its
corporate mission of creating industrial and social
infrastructure, and its current environmental costs
include the large ongoing financial burden of
maintaining this accumulated investment. In particular,
when evaluating annual expenses and results, it is
important to consider these past efforts and their
continuing benefits.
As one measure of management performance, JFE
evaluates its environmental activities based on
environment-related data. As an example of this,
investments and expenses are included in the
Environmental Report.
￥
￥
￥
￥
400
300
200
100
0
(billions of yen)
90 95 00 01 02
Cumulative investment in energy-saving
500
400
300
200
100
0
73 80 90 95 96 97 98 99 00 01 02
Cumulative investment
in environmental measures
Representative investments in FY2001-2002
・ Measures to improve power plant efficiency
・ Construction of new private power plant
・ Installation of energy-saving regenerative burners
at plate mill reheating furnaces
Representative investments in FY2001-2002
・ Modernization of sintering machine flue-gas treatment equipment
・ Modernization of incinerator flue-gas treatment equipment ・ Improvement of steelmaking shop dust collection
(FY)
(billions of yen)
(FY)
Main Results
The main results of environment- and energy-related capital investment and expenses are summarized on the following pages.
Energy Conservation
Energy-saving effect
See “Success of JFE Steel’s Energy Conservation Measures” (p. 20)
Environmental Protection
Environmental protection See “Protecting the Environment” (pp. 23-24) Effective use of resources See “Building a Recycling-oriented Society” (pp. 21-22)
● ●
￥
￥
2002 Totals
Investment in environment-related facilities was ￥9.4 billion, which ac-counted for approximately 10% of total capital investment for the year.
Expenses were ￥70.6 billion. The
primary focus of investment was en-vironmental protection and preven-tion of global warming. Primary
ex-penses were environmental protection, effective use of resour-ces, and prevention of global warm-ing. Operation/maintenance and de-preciation accounted for the majority of these expenses. Environment-re-lated research and development
ex-penses were ￥3.6 billion, or
approx-imately 10% of total research and development expenses.
In fiscal 2002, JFE Steel achieved a recycling rate of 99.5%. Energy-sav-ing benefits were equivalent to ￥2.2 billion.
In maintaining and promoting envir-onmental accounting, an accurate grasp and correct evaluation of the actual status of environmental activi-ties are necessary. However, there are cases where existing methods are inadequate, for example, items which cannot be quantified and problems in determining the appli-cable scope of effects. JFE is con-tinuing to develop more appropriate concepts and methodologies for maximizing the effectiveness of en-vironmental accounting in environ-mental management.
Major item (billions of yen)Investment (billions of yen)Expenses
Monitoring & measurement of environmental influence, EMS-related activities, environmental education & training, etc.
Recirculation of industrial water, Recycling of by-products & wastes generated in-house, waste management, etc.
Prevention of air pollution, water pollution, soil contamination, noise, vibration, ground subsidence, etc.
Technological development for the environment, energy, prevention of global warming
Protection of the nature, support to forestation, information disclosure, advertisement, etc. Fees, charges, etc.
Energy conservation, effective use of energy, etc. Environmental
investment & expenses related to the JFE’s own business
Environmental investment & expenses related to customers and society
Management
Prevention of global warming
Effective use of resources
Environmental protection
Miscellaneous
1.3
13.8
17.4
31.7
2.1
3.6
0.7
70.6
3.5
1.0
4.8
0.1
9.4
Total Research
& development
Social activities
The totals mentioned above were calculated on the following basis.
(Note)
Calculations do not include investments made primarily for purposes other than environmental protection, for example, renovation of superannuated facilities, even when the process as a whole realizes a net energy saving in comparison with the former process.
Greenbelt at steelworks
・ ・ ・
・
・ ・
●Period: April 2002 to March 2003
●Scope: Environment-related investment and expenses at JFE’s steelworks, but in the case of research and development, on a companywide basis. Calculations do not include presumed effects based on estimates or risk avoidance benefits.
Future Challenges
15 JFE Environmental Report 2003
JFE has concluded environmental protection agreements (pollution prevention agreements) for air and water quality, noise, waste, etc. with local governments at the prefectural and city levels in areas where it has plants. Some of these agreements apply stricter standards than those in national laws, and some also cover items not required by the national government. JFE enters into such agreements from the viewpoint of regional environmental protection, and strictly observes their terms in all cases. Under greening agreements with local governments, JFE has created greenbelts in all of its works and is active in maintaining and managing wooded areas. These efforts help preserve the local scenery and have important environmental functions in absorbing CO2 and suppressing dust and noise.
As a good citizen in local society, JFE attaches special importance to direct contact with community residents, conducting public service cleanup activities in the area and holding sports classes and tournaments.
Coexistence with Local Communities
Communication with Society
Opening the Works to the Public
Works festival Guided plant tour
Research organizations
Media
Employees
Suppliers Consumers
Trade organizations
Customers Investors
Local communities
NPO
Administrative agencies
Environmental Report Dialogue with local communities
Periodic reports Technical cooperation Technical reports
Trade shows Ecological products Public relations journals
Plant tours Homepage
JFE
Group
JFE
Group
JFE holds annual open-house events at each of its works for the enjoyment of area residents. To encourage better understanding in the surrounding community, JFE has also established Visitors’ Centers in its works and opens its plants to tour groups of local elementary and middle school students and the general public. Other programs include can recycling and voluntary cleanup activities in areas where works are located.
： ：
JFE believes that it is important to raise social awareness of the environment through communication.
Environmental communication is also a tool for change within the JFE Group, for example, by heightening
the awareness of managers and employees and deepening understanding between divisions.
JFE Cup Volleyball Tournament
（
（
Links with Wider Society
Environment-related
Support and Assistance
The JFE Steel 21st Century Founda-tion is responsible for the JFE Group’s direct social contribution. Concretely, the Foundation provides support for environmental purifica-tion and has prepared English and Japanese educational resources on the Japanese steel industry’s ad-vanced environmental and energy-saving technologies, which it don-ates to universities in Japan and other countries as part of its effort to make Japanese technology avail-able to the world for global environ-mental protection. Information on these educational resources and other activities can be found at the Foundation’s homepage.Cooperation with NPO
in Oceanographic Survey
Together with NKK Marine & Logistics Corporation, JFE is cooperating with the NPO (nonprofit organization) VOS Nippon in a voluntary oceanographic survey by installing automatic monitoring equipment on oceangoing vessels operated by NKK Marine. Data are collected each time vessels return to Japan and made available to interested researchers.Participation in Kanagawa
Riverhead Forest Partnership
As a water consumer, JFE under-stands the importance of healthy water circulation between water sources and urban areas, and is therefore participating in Kanagawa Prefecture’s Kanagawa Forest Conservation Program for Water Resource Regions as a Riverhead Forest Partner, contributing to the creation of riverhead forests.
Cooperation with Industry, Government, and Universities in Environmental and Energy Activities
JFE’s Environment & Energy Liaison Center was established in 2001 to create new ideas and concepts for activating environmental busines-ses, conduct environment- and en-ergy-related R&D, and provide infor-mation through cooperation with other industries, government agen-cies, universities, and local com-munities. It currently sponsors the Environment and Energy Network Research Committee, which is com-prised of businesses in the Keihin Coastal Area, promoting recycling among different types of industries. The Center is active in information exchanges with national and local governments, businesses, and pri-vate citizens, and serves as a forum for communication on energy and the environment.
URL ： http://www.eelc.gr.jp/
URL ： http://www.jfe-21st-cf.or.jp/ Oceangoing vessel M/V SUN FRONTIER
Symbol of Kanagawa Forest Conservation Program for Water Resource Regions program
Environmental Management
Cooperation
with academics Environment & Energy Liaison Center
Cooperation with industries Cooperation with governments
(National & local governments) Seed-stage technology
search & incubation Market research Information transmission Joint study
Consultation
Role of Environment & Energy Liaison Center
（
（
（
（
Environment- and energy-related companies, etc. Universities
Efforts at JFE Steel
Reducing Environmental Loads in Business Operations
17 JFE Environmental Report 2003 JFE Environmental Report 2003 18
In responding to environmental problems, particularly in the steel division, JFE is reducing
environmental loads by developing advanced technologies and implementing voluntary programs
for energy conservation, air and water protection, and chemical substance control.
Coke dry quenching (CDQ),
coal moisture control (CMC),
combustion control
Sintering plant Blast furnace BOF, CC, EF Reheating furnace Hot rolling, cold rollingContinuous annealing, coating Shipment Steel production
process
Gas turbine combined cycle power plant Power plant fuel preheating device High efficiency air saparation equipment Raw material yard
INPUT
Oxygen plant Power
generating plant Coke oven gas
BF gas BOF gas
Raw material yard
Coke oven Sintering plant Blast furnace BOF,EF Reheating
furnace Hot rolling Continuous annealing, coating
Shipment
Steel production process
Landfill disposal 0.5%
69%
Recycling facility
Gasifying & melting furnace
(JFE THERMOSELECT type)
Recycling ratio
Recycled water
■Marine & land civil engineering materials Material for cement, roadbed material, fertilizer ■Byproducts
Slag, Dust, Sludge Total : 16.0 million tons
30.5%
On-site byproduct recycling
Containers and packaging, Electric appliance, Dust, Sludge, RDF (Refuse Derived Fuel)
■
Materials for steel
production
Iron ore 40 million t/yr Coal 23 million t/yr Lime 8 million t/yr
■Purchased energy Electricity+oil-type fuels 106,000 TJ (terajoules)/yr
Steel scrap (BOF) Waste plastic (BF) Toner (sintering)
■
Iron and steel
products
26.5 million t/ yr (crude steel base)■Other products Chemicals, Oxygen, Nitrogen, Argon
OUTPUT
Flue-gasSOx, NOx, Dust
■Byproducts NF Board, PET material
Waste water, Evaporation loss 5%
Cold rolling
Local community
, Other Industries
■Industrial water 220 million t/yr
Local Community
,
Other Industries
JFE Steel is contributing to a recycling-oriented society in close cooperation with local community and other
industries with the world’s most advanced technologies for environmental protection, energy conservation,
and recycling, which were developed in its steelworks.
Resource and Energy Recycling in the Steel Production Process
95%
To local community
Counter-measures (facility) Primary energy conservation measures for steel produc-tion Primary environmental impact of steel produc-tion, and counter-measures Sintering cooler waste heat recovery, ignition furnace line burner
Waste plastics feeding, pulverized coal injection, top pressure recovery turbine, hot stove waste heat recovery, fuel gas preheating
Gas recovery, gas sensible heat recovery, nitrogen jet heater, ladle heating Regenerative burner, direct charging, low-temperature extraction Endless rolling, process coupling
Waste heat boiler, rotary regenerative heat exchanger
Selection of transportation mode, shortening of transportation distance,
improvement of load efficiency, modal shift,
application of IT Coke oven
Generated
substance Dust Flue gas, dust, wastewater (ammonia liquor)
Flue gas, dust,
wastewater Flue gas, slag, dust, wastewater Flue gas, slag, dust, wastewater Flue gas, dust
Rolling wastewater,
pickling wastewater Coating waste water Exhaust gas Environmental
impact Dust Dust, NOx, SOx, COD Dust, NOx, SOx Dust, SS Dust, SS NOx SS, waste oil, waste acid, iron salt Metallic ion, etc. NOx, SPM(suspended particulate matter) Yard water spraying,
belt conveyor dust col-lection,
laser dust monitoring
Coke oven gas desulfuri-zation,
waste ammonia liquor COD treatment, chemical by-product recovery
Flue gas desulfurization & denitrification Gas recovery, dust collection, dust treatment, slag recycling Gas recovery, dust collection, dust treatment, slag recycling Low-NOx burner, use of cleaner fuel
Waste acid & waste alkali treatment,
waste oil recycling, coagulating sedimentation
Wastewater treatment Conversion to low-emission vehicles
Countermea-sures (facility)
Reducing Environmental Loads in Business Operations
CC
Energy recycling in works
75%
■Recovered energy recycling Byproduct gas
Waste heat recovery steam Power (BF Top pressure Recovery Turbine: TRT)
To local community
25%
Terminology
●PJ
Petajoule, joule (heat unit) x 1015 (1000 trillion)
●
Global warming requires a long-term solution
involving every individual and business. JFE Steel
already boasts the world’s highest energy efficiency,
but it has also set a high target for global warming
prevention measures under the Voluntary Action of
the Japan Iron and Steel Federation.
In anticipation of the Kyoto Protocol, Nippon Keidanren established a Voluntary Environmental Action Plan in July 1997, targeting voluntarily CO2 reductions in the industrial and energy conversion sectors to 1990 levels by 2010. Under Japan’s Guidelines for Measures to Prevent Global Warming, results are reviewed annually in the Industrial Structure Council.
In 2001, CO2 emissions showed a 3.2% reduction from the 1990 baseline. Recognizing this achievement, a third party assessment report for 2002 praised participating businesses for “doing everything in their power, in the face of various difficult circumstances.”
Voluntary Action Plan by Nippon Keidanren (Japan Business Federation)
One distinctive feature of Japan’s steel industry, in comparison with the U.S. and Europe, is remarkably wide adoption of energy-saving equipment, giving Japanese mills the world’s highest energy efficiency. Reflecting Japan’s technical capabilities, in December 1996, the Japan Iron and Steel Federation established a Voluntary Action Plan, which targets a 10% reduction in energy consumption in 2010 against a 1990 baseline. As a supplementary goal, a 1.5% reduction by using waste plastic in blast furnaces (assuming creation of an adequate collection system) was later incorporated in the Plan. In 2001, energy consumption was 8.5% below the 1990 baseline, demonstrating the success of voluntary action.
Voluntary Action Program for Environmental Protection by Japanese Steelmakers
'
○ ○ ○
Preventing Global Warming
'
2600
2200
1800
1400
1000
(PJ)
(FY) ( )
(FY) (106t-CO2)
90 95 00 01 10
Japanese steel industry’s total energy
consumption and reduction target for 2010
200
180
160
140
120
100
CO
2emissions originating
from energy consumption
8.5%
16.9(106t-CO2)
8.7%
10%
9% Additional
reduction target
1.5%
Additional reduction
target 1.5%
(Source: The Japan Iron and Steel Federation)
(Source: The Japan Iron and Steel Federation)
90 95 00 01 10
20
JFE Environmental Report 2003
●
Terminology
●LCA
Life Cycle Assessment. Method of assessing the total environmental load (resource depletion, energy consumption, waste, pollutants, etc.) over the entire product life cycle from raw material extraction through manufacture, use, recycling, and waste.
Success of JFE Steel
'
s Energy Conservation Measures
Environmental Contribution
of LCA-based Products
○H-beams for buildings.
○Heat-resistant steel tubes for boilers.
○High-strength steel sheet for auto bodies.
Product types surveyed are:
CO
2emissions per ton
of crude steel production
100
50
0
(Index)
90 95 00 01 02
(Source: The Japan Iron and Steel Federation)
Effect of reducing CO
2emissions in view
of LCA through using highly functional
steel products
15
12
9
6
3
0
Reduction in CO2
emissions (106t-CO2)
During use During manufacture
90 95 00 05 10 (FY)
100
50
0
90 95 00 01 02
Energy consumption per ton
of crude steel production
(Index) (1990=100) (1990=100)
Between the first Oil Crisis in 1973 and 1990, JFE adopted an aggressive energy-saving policy, reducing consumption by a substantial 20%. Measures included waste energy recovery, improved equipment efficiency, integration of production processes, and construction of a comprehensive energy management system. As a global warming countermeasure, JFE has steadily reduced unit energy consumption (crude steel base),
and in line with the Japan Iron and Steel Federation's
Voluntary Action Plan, is working toward an energy-saving target of –4.4%/ton-crude steel by 2010 against a 1995 baseline. In 2002, consumption was down 3.3% from 2001. JFE is also actively committed to new approaches to energy conservation, including next-generation ironmaking technologies and waste plastic recycling.
( )
( ) (FY) (FY)
( )
JFE is contributing to energy conservation by devel-oping high-performance steel products which reduce both material consumption in the manufacturing pro-cess and final product weight. An LCA assessment of six high-performance steel products estimated that CO2 emissions can be reduced by 3.1 million tons in manufacturing and 6.5 million tons in use, for a total of 9.6 million tons-CO2, by adopting high-performance products (estimate for FY2000, entire Japanese steel industry).
○High-tensile steel plate for shipbuilding.
○Electrical steel sheet for transformers.
○Stainless steel sheet for railway carriages.
Zero Waste Activities in the Steelworks
Because steel manufacturing requires huge quantities of water, JFE has created a comprehensive water recycling system. Purification technologies include advanced biological and physiochemical processes. Off-site release is minimized by recirculation and cascade techniques, achieving a water circulation ratio of approximately 95%. Circulation ratio (%) = (Total consumption – makeup water) / Total consumption
Water Recirculation
JFE entered the waste plastic recycling business in October 1996 and now has a treatment capacity of 190,000 tons/year.
Waste Plastic Recycling
JFE has implemented a program of “Zero Waste” activities for steelworks byproducts, which include slag, dust, sludge, waste oil, etc., and has already achieved 99.5% recycling. Landfill disposal has decreased to about 1/6 its 1990 level, meeting the Japan Iron and Steel Federation target of 1/5 the 1990 level by 2010. (This result includes a 10,000 ton increase in surplus dust in 2002 due to a
downturn in cement production.) Future measures will include on-site recycling equipment.
The synergy of outstanding environmental and energy technologies, plant operation know-how, and steelworks infrastructure is contributing to effective recycling of waste from local community and other industries, beginning with waste plastic.
The transformation from a mass-production, mass-consumption, mass-waste society to a recycling-oriented
society is causing a revolution in the basic paradigm of manufacturing. JFE is actively responding to the
challenge of effective resource use, including the creation of new business to meet new social needs.
Building a Recycling-oriented Society
(1000 t/yr) (%)
100
99
98
97
96
95
1000
800
600
400
200
0 90 95 00 01 02(FY)
Landfill, etc. Recycling
Steelworks byproducts (16 million t/yr-dry base) Byproducts (16 million t /yr) Sludge
4%
Others 1%
○
150
120
90
60
30
0
96 97 98 99 00 01 02
(103t /yr)
Treated amount of w
aste plastics
Recycling results at JFE (dry base)
Transition of treated amount of waste plastics
Recycling r
atio
Landfill, etc.
480
95 75 75 85
Slag 78% Dust
17%
96
95
94
93
90 95 97 98 99 00 01 02
Transition of industrial water recirculation rate
in steel production process
○
○
(%)
● ●
Circulation r
atio
(FY)
22
JFE Environmental Report 2003
Slag Reduction and Recycling
( )
Slag fertilizer;slowly released over a long period of time to enrich the soil
Slag generated by blast furnaces, BOFs, and electric furnaces ac-counts for about 80% of steel manu-facturing byproducts. JFE Steel has a long record of reducing steel slag by applying hot metal pretreatment and on-site reuse. Thanks to JFE’s efforts to develop product manufactur-ing/use technologies and encourage standardization under the Japan Industrial Standard (JIS), more than 99% of slag is now effectively used as roadbed material, aggregate for concrete, material for cement, etc. Cement using BF slag powder also contributes to energy saving and CO2 reduction.
Development of Advanced New Applications for Slag (Example)
○
Use of slag to restore
shoreline environments
(1)Use of BF slag as sand capping material / shallows construction ma-terial for improvement of the marine environment(2)Artificial reefs (Marine Block) for seaweed / fish farming using
CO2-absorbed slag solids
(3)Breakwater blocks and other marine structures using hydration hardening reaction (Ferro-Form)
JFE’s new fertilizer
Potassium fertilizer A
Potassium fertilizer B
No potassium fertilizer The heat-island effect can be mitigated by using a
water-retaining solid composed mainly of fine BF slag in asphalt pavement. The pavement retains water in rainy weather and is
cooled by evap-oration in good weather, reduc-ing the pavement temperature.
Slag fertilizer is released slowly into soil over long period.
Examples of slag materials for port & harbor construction/ marine environment restoration
○
Slow-release Potassium Silicate Fertilizer
Energy consumption
Energy-saving effect
of BF slag cement
Sales of JFE slag in FY2002
Portland cement BF slag powder
570,000 kcal/t energy saving
Cement Roadbed
material for civil engineering
On-site use Others
Fertilizer/soil Construction
Concrete aggregate
100
50
0
Top
Natural reef
Marine Block
Concrete block
Average of sides
Average coverage with large
seaweed (after one-half year)
(%) 50
40
30
20
10
0
1.0
0.5
0 No. of
organisms No. of
species
Granulated slag
Sea sand Bottom mud
Wet weight
Bottom-dwelling organisms
No. of species/
no. of organisms Wet weight (g)
Cooling function of heat island-mitigating pavement
○
Heat Island-Mitigating Paving Material
Breakwater
blocks Artificial rocks
<Bottom improvement material> Granulated slag capping-sand material
Seaweed habitat base
Port & harbor construc-tion
Environ-mental restoration
Model of seaweed habitat / shallows creation Seawater
Reef (lump steel slag) Bottom mud
Sea bottom
Capping sand (granulated slag sand) Marine Block
Rainy weather
(or sprinkling) Good weather
Water permeation/ retention
Water-retaining layer Water-retaining layer Evaporation Cooling by heat of
evaporation
●Cooling by same principle as sprinkling
●Retains water in structure, maintaining effectiveness
